What is Umami? Exploring the Fifth Taste in Japanese Dishes
You’ve probably heard the term umami to describe your food before, but what does umami mean? Where did it come from? And why don’t I know what it is just by saying it?
That’s what we are here to go over with you today! From the meaning of umami to how to identify umami Japanese dishes, you will finish this blog with a full understanding of the fifth flavor from:
- A Brief History
- Role of Umami in Japanese Cuisine
- Key Ingredients
- Cooking Techniques
- Health Benefits
Let’s get started!
What is Umami?
Starting with the most obvious question: what is umami?
The word “umami” comes from Japan and translates to “pleasant savory taste.” Umami is one of the five tastes we can identify. The other four are
- Sweet
- Sour
- Salty
- Bitter
This taste is often referred to as a rich or savory flavor. We use the term to describe foods like cheeses or broths.
The term was first coined in 1908 by Japanese chemist Kikunae Ikeda. He isolated a chemical compound known as glutamate from seaweed. The taste Ikeda experienced was recognized as a distinctively different taste. One very different from the original four listed earlier.
Despite being coined in 1908, it took almost a century for umami to be accepted as one of the main, now five, tastes of cuisine.
The Role of Umami in Japanese Cuisine
Umami plays a foundational role in Japanese cuisine. Ikeda found that this taste came from glutamate, an amino acid present in many traditional Japanese ingredients such as:
- Kombu (kelp)
- Katsuobushi (dried bonito flakes)
- Shiitake mushrooms
These ingredients are commonly used to make dashi, a cornerstone broth in Japanese cooking. It delivers a rich base to countless dishes, from miso soup to ramen.
Umami in Japanese Culture
In Japanese culinary culture, umami is more than just a flavor—it’s a philosophy.
Japanese cuisine emphasizes balance, subtlety, and natural harmony, and umami provides a way to bring out the best in ingredients without overpowering them.
Rather than relying on heavy seasonings or fats, Japanese chefs use umami-rich elements to enhance the intrinsic taste of each component. This approach reflects the cultural value of respecting nature’s offerings, showcasing the beauty in simplicity.
Key Ingredients that Contribute to Umami
Umami-rich ingredients are the backbone of Japanese cuisine, lending depth and complexity to dishes without overwhelming them.
Kombu
The most iconic ingredient is kombu, a type of edible kelp high in glutamic acid.
Katsuobushi
These are dried bonito flakes, which are rich in inosinate. When kombu and katsuobushi are combined in dashi, the glutamates and inosinates work together to create an intensified umami experience.
Shiitake Mushrooms
Shiitake mushrooms also play a key role in umami, especially when dried. The drying process concentrates their guanylate content—another natural umami compound. Shiitake mushrooms are often added to soups, rice dishes, and vegetable broths to enhance savory depth.
Fermented products, such as soy sauce, miso, and fermented fish sauces, also deliver strong umami flavors thanks to the breakdown of proteins into free amino acids during fermentation. These ingredients not only boost taste but also reflect traditional Japanese methods of preservation and flavor development.
Umami Japanese Cooking Techniques
It’s not just about the ingredients—it’s also about how those ingredients are prepared.
In Japanese cuisine, cooking techniques are carefully chosen to maximize and highlight umami flavors. As discussed earlier, the preparation of dashi is an important technique. Ingredients are steeped briefly – never boiled – to gently extract their savory compounds while avoiding bitterness.
This mindful approach allows the natural umami to shine, forming a base for everything from miso soup to simmered vegetables.
Fermentation is another key method that enhances umami flavor. The time-intensive process breaks down proteins into amino acids, resulting in rich marinades, sauces, and soups. Some of the staples you may be familiar with are:
- Miso
- Soy sauce
- Natto
The technique not only deepens taste but also speaks to the Japanese value of patience and respect for tradition in cooking.
Another technique that is time-intensive is drying and aging. This technique is used often for shiitake mushrooms or katsuobushi.
A concentrate from the umami components is created through moisture removal and chemical transformation. After, even grilling and searing are used to enhance umami by triggering the Maillard reaction.
These methods reflect a deep understanding of how to coax flavor from simplicity, an essential part of Japan’s culinary identity.
The Health Benefits of Umami
Umami offers a range of health benefits outside of being delicious!
Portion Control
Because the taste of umami provides a satisfying, savory flavor, it can help people feel full and satisfied with less food. This supports portion control and weight management, making it a helpful tool for creating meals that are both flavorful and lighter in calories.
Reduced Salt/Sodium
Another key benefit is umami’s ability to reduce the need for added salt. Studies show that dishes rich in umami can be perceived as just as flavorful even when sodium is reduced. This is particularly valuable in Japanese cuisine, where broths and fermented condiments like miso and soy sauce are used strategically to enhance taste without overwhelming the dish.
Digestive Health
Umami also plays a role in digestive health. The naturally occurring glutamates stimulate saliva production and digestive juices. This aids in the breakdown and absorption of nutrients. It’s especially helpful for older adults, whose sense of taste and digestive efficiency may decrease with age.
In this way, umami-rich foods not only enhance the enjoyment of eating but also support the body’s ability to process and benefit from nutritious meals.
Exploring Umami at Kobé Japanese Steakhouse
Now that you know all about the history, preparation, and umami Japanese dishes, try it for yourself! Kobé Japanese Steakhouse is proud to offer authentic umami Japanese cuisine that will satisfy your cravings! From our amazing soups to our delectable sauces, you’ll leave saying “Umami, I’m full!”
Book your reservation today, order for pick-up, or ask about how we can cater your next event!